Lasers are still being researched and getting developed. Lasers are very important for the future because it will make lives much easier. There are scientists all over the world researching Lasers. Lasers work by harnessing atoms to store and give light in a consistent fashion(1). The electrons in the atoms of a laser medium are first pumped, or energized, to an excited state by an energy source. They are then �stimulated� by external photons to emit the stored energy in the form of photons, a process known as stimulated emission(1). The photons emitted have a frequency characteristic of the atoms and travel in step with the stimulating photons(1). The photons in turn encroach on other excited atoms to release more photons(1). Light amplification happens when the photons move back and forth between two parallel mirrors, triggering further stimulated emissions(6). The intense, directional, and plain laser light finally leaves through one of the mirrors, which is only partially silvered(4).
Stimulated emission, the fundamental process for laser action, was first proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917(1). The working principles of lasers were outlined by the American physicists Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes in their 1958 patent application(1). The patent was granted, but was later challenged by the American physicist and engineer Gordon Gould. In 1960 the American physicist Theodore Maiman observed the first laser action in solid ruby(1). A year later a helium-neon gas laser was built by the Iranian-born American physicist Ali Javan(1). Then in 1966 a liquid laser was constructed by the American physicist Peter Sorokin(1).
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